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Airports

Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is the city's major airport and an international airport that serves as one of three main hubs for Continental Airlines. It holds the distinction of having the first airport-to-downtown rapid transit connection in North America, established in 1968. In 1930, the airport was the site of the first airfield lighting system and the first air traffic control tower. Originally known as Cleveland Municipal Airport, it was the first municipally owned airport in the country. Cleveland Hopkins is a significant regional air freight hub hosting FedEx Express, UPS Airlines, United States Postal Service, and major commercial freight carriers. In addition to Hopkins, Cleveland is served by Burke Lakefront Airport, on the north shore of downtown between Lake Erie and the Shoreway. Burke is primarily a commuter and business airport.[133]

Architecture

Cleveland's downtown architecture is diverse. Many of the city's government and civic buildings, including City Hall, the Cuyahoga County Courthouse, the Cleveland Public Library, and Public Auditorium, are clustered around an open mall and share a common neoclassical architecture. Built in the early 20th century, they are the result of the 1903 Group Plan, and constitute one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States.[65] The Terminal Tower, dedicated in 1930, was the tallest building in North America outside New York City until 1967 and the tallest in the city until 1991.[66] It is a prototypical Beaux-Arts skyscraper. The two newer skyscrapers on Public Square, Key Tower (currently the tallest building in Ohio) and the BP Building, combine elements of Art Deco architecture with postmodern designs. Another of Cleveland's architectural treasures is The Arcade (sometimes called the Old Arcade), a five-story arcade built in 1890 and renovated in 2001 as a Hyatt Regency Hotel.[67] Cleveland's landmark ecclesiastical architecture includes the historic Old Stone Church in downtown Cleveland and the onion domed St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Tremont.[68] Running east from Public Square through University Circle is Euclid Avenue, which was known for its prestige and elegance. In the late 1880s, writer Bayard Taylor described it as "the most beautiful street in the world."[69] Known as "Millionaire's Row", Euclid Avenue was world-renowned as the home of such internationally known names as Rockefeller, Hanna, and Hay.[70] Cleveland is home to four parks in the countywide Cleveland Metroparks system, the "Emerald Necklace" of Olmsted-inspired parks that encircles the region. In the Big Creek valley sits the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, which contains one of the largest collection of primates in North America.[71] The other three parks are Brookside Park and parts of the Rocky River and Washington Reservations. Apart from the Metroparks is Cleveland Lakefront State Park, which provides public access to Lake Erie. Among its six parks are Edgewater Park, located between the Shoreway and Lake Erie just west of downtown, and Euclid Beach Park and Gordon Park on the east side. The City of Cleveland's Rockefeller Park, with its many Cultural Gardens[72] honoring the city's ethnic groups, follows Doan Brook across the city's east side.

Climate

Cleveland possesses a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa), typical of much of the central United States, with very warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. The Lake Erie shoreline is very close to due east-west from the mouth of the Cuyahoga west to Sandusky, but at the mouth of the Cuyahoga it turns sharply northeast. This feature is the principal contributor to the lake effect snow that is typical in Cleveland (especially east side) weather from mid-November until the surface of Lake Erie freezes, usually in late January or early February. The lake effect causes snowfall totals to range greatly across the city: while Hopkins Airport has only reached 100 inches (254 cm) of snowfall in a given season three times since 1968,[37] seasonal totals approaching or exceeding 100 inches (2,500 mm) are not uncommon in an area known as the "Snow Belt", extending from the east side of Cleveland proper through the eastern suburbs and up the Lake Erie shore as far as Buffalo, New York. Despite its reputation as a cold, snowy place in winter, mild spells often break winter's grip with temperatures sometimes soaring above 70 °F (21 °C). The all-time record high in Cleveland of 104 °F (40 °C) was established on June 25, 1988, and the all-time record low of −20 Â°F (−29 Â°C) was set on January 19, 1994.[38] On average, July is the warmest month with a mean temperature of 71.9 Â°F (22.2 Â°C), and January, with a mean temperature of 25.7 Â°F (−3.5 Â°C), is the coldest. Normal yearly precipitation based on the 30-year average from 1971 to 2000 is 38.7 inches (930 mm).[39] Yearly precipitation rates vary considerably in different areas of the Cleveland metropolitan area, with less precipitation on the western side and directly along the lake, and the most occurring in the eastern suburbs. Parts of Geauga county receive over 44 inches of rain annually.[40]

Colleges and universities

Cleveland is home to a number of colleges and universities. Most prominent among these is Case Western Reserve University, a world-renowned research and teaching institution located in University Circle. A private university with several prominent graduate programs, Case was ranked 38th in the nation in 2007 by U.S. News & World Report.[130] University Circle also contains Cleveland Institute of Art, the Cleveland Institute of Music, and the Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine. Cleveland State University (CSU), based in downtown Cleveland, is the city's public four-year university. In addition to CSU, downtown hosts the metropolitan campus of Cuyahoga Community College, the county's two-year higher education institution, as well as Chancellor University, a private four-year school that focuses on business education.[131] Ohio Technical College is based in Cleveland.[132]

Crime

Based on the Morgan Quitno Press 2008 national crime rankings, Cleveland ranked as the 7th most dangerous city in the nation among US cities with a population of 100,000 to 500,000 and the 11th most dangerous overall.[144] Violent crime from 2005 to 2006 was mostly unchanged nationwide, but increased more than 10% in Cleveland. The murder rate dropped 30% in Cleveland, but was still far above the national average. Property crime from 2005 to 2006 was virtually unchanged across the country and in Cleveland, with larceny-theft down by 7% but burglaries were up almost 14%.[145] In 2009, a Cleveland neighborhood located near the intersection of Cedar Avenue and 55th Street ranked the 21st most dangerous neighborhood in the United States.[146]

Cuisine

Cleveland's many immigrant groups have long played an important role in defining the regional cuisine. Polish and Eastern European foods, such as beer, pierogi, and kielbasa are popular in and around the city, as are foods associated with Cleveland's Irish and Italian immigrants. Residents like Hector Boiardi (Chef Boyardee) and Michael Ruhlman have been noted for their contributions in the culinary world. The West Side Market is home to vendors selling many kinds of ethnic food, as well as fresh produce, and ethnic restaurants can be found in the Little Italy, Slavic Village, and Tremont neighborhoods, among others.

Culinary scene

Beginning in 2007, Cleveland's culinary scene began to receive international attention. In early 2008, the Chicago Tribune called Cleveland America's "hot new dining city".[93] The national food press—Gourmet, Food & Wine, Esquire and Playboy.com—heaped praise on several Cleveland spots this year for best new restaurant, best steakhouse, best farm-to-table programs and great new neighborhood eateries.[93] On November 11, 2007, Cleveland chef Michael Symon helped brighten the spotlight on Cleveland's culinary scene when he was named "The Next Iron Chef" on the Food Network reality TV show by the same name. Anthony Bourdain highlighted the city's food scene on a 2007 episode of his Travel Channel show "Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations".

Demographics

At the 2005-2007 American Community Survey Estimates, the city's population was 41.0% White (35.8% non-Hispanic White alone), 54.2% Black or African American, 1.0% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.8% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 4.3% from some other race and 2.1% from two or more races. 8.3% of the total population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[47] As of the 2000 Census,[5] there were 478,403 people, 190,638 households, and 111,904 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,166.5 people per square mile (2,380.9/km²). There were 215,856 housing units at an average density of 2,782.4 per square mile (1,074.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 50.99% Black or African American, 41.49% White, 1.35% Asian, 0.30% Native American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.59% from other races, and 2.24% from two or more races. 7.26% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.[1] Ethnic groups include Slovenes (10%),[48] Germans (9.2%), Irish (8.2% ), Poles (4.8%), Italians (4.6%), and English (2.8%). There are also substantial communities of Hungarians, Arabs, Romanians, Czechs, Slovaks, Greeks, Ukrainians, Albanians, Macedonians, Croats, Serbs, Lithuanians, Puerto Ricans, Koreans, and Han Chinese. The presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city once boasted the highest concentration of Hungarians in the world outside of Budapest.[49] There were 190,638 households out of which 29.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.5% were married couples living together, 24.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.3% were nonfamilies. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.19. The population was spread out with 28.5% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.[1] The median income for a household in the city was $25,928, and the median income for a family was $30,286. Males had a median income of $30,610 versus $24,214 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,291. 26.3% of the population and 22.9% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 37.6% of those under the age of 18 and 16.8% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.[1]

Description

Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location at the head of numerous canals and railroad lines. With the decline of heavy manufacturing, Cleveland's businesses have diversified into the service economy, including the financial services, insurance, legal, and healthcare sectors, though the city's population has continued to decline. Cleveland is also noted for its association with rock music; the city is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[6] As of the 2000 Census, the city proper had a total population of 478,403, and was then the 33rd largest city in the United States, (now estimated as the 40th largest due to declines in population)[7] and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio, which spans several counties and is defined in several different ways by the Census Bureau. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area which in 2000 ranked as the 23rd largest in the United States with 2,250,871 people. Cleveland is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2000 had a population of 2,945,831, and ranked as the country's 14th largest.[8] In studies conducted by The Economist in 2005, Cleveland and Pittsburgh were ranked as the most livable cities in the United States,[9] and the city was ranked as the best city for business meetings in the continental U.S.[10] The city faces continuing challenges, in particular from concentrated poverty in some neighborhoods and difficulties in the funding and delivery of high-quality public education.[11] Residents of Cleveland are usually referred to as "Clevelanders." Nicknames used for the city include "The Forest City,"[12] "The Cleve,"[13] "The Metropolis of the Western Reserve,"[14] "The New American City,"[12] "America's North Coast,"[15] "The Sixth City,"[16][17] "The Rock 'n' Roll Capital of the World"[18] and "C-Town."[12]

Distribution

The distribution of crime in Cleveland is highly heterogeneous. Relatively few crimes take place in downtown Cleveland's business district, but the perception of crime in the downtown has been pointed to by the Greater Cleveland Growth Association (now the Greater Cleveland Partnership) as damaging to the city's economy.[149] Neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status in Cleveland and its suburbs have lower rates of violent crime than areas of lower status, and even controlling for this factor, areas with higher populations of African Americans have higher violent crime rates.[150] A study of the relationship between employment access and crime in Cleveland found a strong inverse relationship, with the highest crime rates in areas of the city that had the lowest access to jobs. Furthermore, this relationship was found to be strongest with respect to economic crimes.[151] A study of public housing in Cleveland found that criminals tend to live in areas of higher affluence and move into areas of lower affluence to commit crimes.[152]

Economy

Cleveland's location on the Cuyahoga River and Lake Erie has been key to its growth. The Ohio and Erie Canal coupled with rail links helped establish the city as a major American manufacturing center. Steel and many other manufactured goods emerged as its industries.[110] The city has sought to diversify its economy to become less dependent on its struggling manufacturing sector. Cleveland is the corporate headquarters of many large companies such as Eaton Corporation, National City Corporation, Forest City Enterprises, Sherwin-Williams Company, and KeyCorp. NASA maintains a facility in Cleveland, the Glenn Research Center. Jones Day, one of the largest law firms in the world, traces its origins to Cleveland, and its Cleveland office remains the firm's largest.[111] However, in recent years, the Cleveland area has lost nearly a dozen corporate headquarters, including TRW, OfficeMax, BP, and Oglebay Norton, mostly through acquisitions or mergers.[112] The city is expected to lose the headquarters of longtime institution National City Bank, having recently been acquired by PNC Financial Services, based in Pittsburgh.[113][114] In 2005, Duke Realty Corp., one of the area's largest landlords, announced it was selling all of its property in the Cleveland area because of the stagnation of the market; however, the company continues to maintain a large office building portfolio in the southern suburbs.[115] The commercial real estate market rebounded in 2007 as office properties were purchased at a record pace.[116] From the beginning of July to the end of September, 2007, there was one residential foreclosure for every fifty-seven homes in the metropolitan area,[117] and ten percent of the city's homes are now vacant, due in part to the rise in foreclosure filings.[118] Many of the foreclosed homes are vacant and have been vandalized.[119] Cleveland's largest employer, the Cleveland Clinic,[120] ranks among America's best hospitals as tabulated by U.S. News & World Report.[121] Cleveland's healthcare industry includes University Hospitals of Cleveland, a noted competitor which ranked twenty-fifth in cancer care,[122] and MetroHealth medical center. Cleveland is an emerging area for biotechnology and fuel cell research, led by Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Clinic, and University Hospitals of Cleveland. Cleveland is among the top recipients of investment for biotech start-ups and research.[123] Case Western Reserve, the Clinic, and University Hospitals have recently announced plans to build a large biotechnology research center and incubator on the site of the former Mt. Sinai Medical Center, creating a research campus to stimulate biotech startup companies that can be spun off from research conducted in the city.[124] City leaders stepped up efforts to cultivate a technology sector in its economy in the early 2000s. Former Mayor Jane L. Campbell appointed a "tech czar" whose job is to actively recruit tech companies to the downtown office market, offering connections to the high-speed fiber networks that run underneath downtown streets in several "high-tech offices" focused on the Euclid Avenue area. Cleveland State University hired a Technology Transfer Officer to work full time on cultivating technology transfers from CSU research to marketable ideas and companies in the Cleveland area, and appointed a Vice President for Economic Development to leverage the university's assets in expanding the city's economy. Case Western Reserve University participates in technology initiatives such as the OneCommunity project,[125] a high-speed fiber optic network linking the area's major research centers intended to stimulate growth. OneCommunity's work attracted the attention of Intel and in mid-2005, Cleveland was named an Intel "Worldwide Digital Community" along with Corpus Christi, Texas, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Taipei, Taiwan. This distinction added about $12 million for marketing to expand regional technology partnerships, create a city-wide WiFi network, and develop a tech economy. In addition to this Intel initiative, in January 2006 a New York-based think tank, the Intelligent Community Forum, selected Cleveland as the sole American city among its seven finalists for the "Intelligent Community of the Year" award. The group announced that it nominated the city for its OneCommunity network with potential broadband applications.[126] The OneCommunity Network is collaborating with Cisco Systems to deploy a cutting-edge wireless network that could provide widespread access to the region. Cisco is testing new technologies in wireless "mesh" networking. OneCommunity and Cisco officially launched the first phase in September 2006, blanketing several square miles of University Circle with wireless connectivity. Additionally, Cisco Systems acquired the former Aironet Wireless Networks, which was based in the Greater Cleveland area, to form its wireless networking product lineup and maintain a facility in the region.[127]

Film and television

Cleveland has served as the setting for several major films, including The Fortune Cookie (1967) with Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon, Major League (1989), Antwone Fisher (2002) and Welcome To Collinwood (2002). Cleveland is also the setting for the film American Splendor, the lifelong home of writer Harvey Pekar and also the setting for most of his autobiographical comic books, upon which the film was based. The city was also the setting for the popular television sitcom, The Drew Carey Show which starred Cleveland native Drew Carey. Also, many of the external shots for the widely beloved holiday film A Christmas Story (1983), which was set in Cleveland.[86] Because of its architecture, its proximity and its ease of access, locations in Cleveland are often used by filmmakers as a stand-in for other places. For example, a complex battle scene that was set in New York City in Spider-Man 3 was filmed in Cleveland in April 2006.[87] The popular action film Air Force One, with Harrison Ford, William H Macy, Glenn Close, Dean Stockwell and Gary Oldman had its opening shots filmed above and inside Severance Hall on University Circle, home of the Cleveland Orchestra.[88] The Video-Game to Film adaptation of Double Dragon was filmed notably in an abandoned warehouse along Cleveland's Lake Erie shoreline, the Cuyahoga River along the Flats, and Cleveland's Terminal Tower-Tower City Mall. [89]

Fine arts

Cleveland is home to Playhouse Square Center, the second largest performing arts center in the United States behind New York's Lincoln Center.[77] Playhouse Square includes the State, Palace, Allen, Hanna, and Ohio theaters within what is known as the Theater District of Downtown Cleveland.[78] Playhouse Square's resident performing arts companies include the Cleveland Opera, the Ohio Ballet, and the Great Lakes Theater Festival.[79] The center also hosts various Broadway musicals, special concerts, speaking engagements, and other events throughout the year. One Playhouse Square, now the headquarters for Cleveland's public broadcasters, was originally used as the broadcast studios of WJW Radio, where disc jockey Alan Freed first popularized the term "rock and roll".[80] Located between Playhouse Square and University Circle are the Cleveland Play House and Karamu House, a well-known African American performing and fine arts center, both founded in the 1920s.[81] Cleveland is also home to the Cleveland Orchestra, widely considered one of the finest orchestras in the world, and often referred to as the finest in the United States.[82] It is one of the "Big Five" major orchestras in the United States. The Orchestra plays in Severance Hall during the winter and at Blossom Music Center during the summer.[83] The city is also home to the Cleveland Pops Orchestra. There are two main art museums in Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art is a major American art museum,[84] with a collection that includes more than 40,000 works of art ranging over 6,000 years, from ancient masterpieces to contemporary pieces. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland showcases established and emerging artists, particularly from the Cleveland area, through hosting and producing temporary exhibitions.[85]

General references

* The Encyclopedia Of Cleveland History (2002). Case Western Reserve University. * Cleveland Cartography * Cleveland Memory Project

Government and politics

Cleveland's position as a center of manufacturing established it as a hotbed of union activity early in its history. This contributed to a political progressivism that has influenced Cleveland politics to the present. While other parts of Ohio, particularly Cincinnati and the southern portion of the state, have historically supported the Republican Party, Cleveland commonly breeds the strongest support in the state for the Democrats;[42] At the local level, elections are nonpartisan. However, Democrats still dominate every level of government. Cleveland is split between two congressional districts. Most of the western part of the city is in the 10th District, represented by Dennis Kucinich. Most of the eastern part of the city, as well as most of downtown, is in the 11th District, represented by Marcia Fudge. Both are Democrats. During the 2004 Presidential election, although George W. Bush carried Ohio by 2.1%, John Kerry carried Cuyahoga County 66.6%-32.9%,[43] his largest margin in any Ohio county. The city of Cleveland operates on the mayor-council (strong mayor) form of government.[44] The mayor is the chief executive of the city, and the office is held in 2008 by Frank G. Jackson. Previous mayors of Cleveland include progressive Democrat Tom L. Johnson, United States Supreme Court Justice Harold Hitz Burton, Republican Senator George V. Voinovich, two-time Democratic Ohio Governor and Senator, current Representative Dennis Kucinich of Ohio's 10th district, Frank J. Lausche, and Carl B. Stokes, the first African American mayor of a major American city.[45]

History

A study in 1971–72 found that although Cleveland's crime rate was significantly lower than other large urban areas, most Cleveland residents feared crime.[147] In the 1980s, gang activity was on the rise, associated with crack cocaine. A taskforce was formed and was partially successful at reducing gang activity by a combination of removing gang-related graffiti and educating news sources to not name gangs in news reporting.[148]

Inter-city bus lines

National inter-city scheduled bus service is provided at a Greyhound station, located just behind Playhouse Square theater district. Lakefront Trailways provides regional inter-city bus service to popular destinations from their terminal south of Cleveland in Brookpark, Ohio.[140] Akron Metro, Brunswick Transit Alternative, Laketran, Lorain County Transit, and Medina County Transit provide connecting bus service to the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority. Geauga County Transit and Portage Area Regional Transportation Authority (PARTA) also offer connecting bus service in their neighboring areas.[141]

Literature

Cleveland was the home of Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel, who created the comic book character Superman in 1932. Both attended Glenville High School, and their early collaborations resulted in the creation of "The Man of Steel".[90] D. A. Levy wrote : "Cleveland: The Rectal Eye Visions)".

Major highways

Three two-digit Interstate highways serve Cleveland directly. * Interstate 71 begins just southwest of downtown and is the major route from downtown Cleveland to the airport. I-71 runs through the southwestern suburbs and eventually connects Cleveland with Columbus. * Interstate 77 begins in downtown Cleveland and runs almost due south through the southern suburbs. I-77 sees the least traffic of the three interstates, although it does connect Cleveland to Akron. * Interstate 90 connects the two sides of Cleveland, and is the northern terminus for both I-71 and I-77. Running due east–west through the west side suburbs, I-90 turns northeast at the junction with and I-490, and is known as the Innerbelt through downtown. At the junction with the Shoreway, I-90 makes a 90-degree turn known in the area as Dead Man's Curve, then continues northeast, entering Lake County near the eastern split with Ohio State Route 2. Cleveland is also served by two three-digit interstates, * Interstate 480, which enters Cleveland briefly at a few points and * Interstate 490, which connects I-77 with the junction of I-90 and I-71 just south of downtown.[142] Two other limited-access highways serve Cleveland. * The Cleveland Memorial Shoreway carries State Route 2 along its length, and at varying points also carries US 6, US 20 and I-90. * The Jennings Freeway (State Route 176) connects I-71 just south of I-90 to I-480 near the suburbs of Parma and Brooklyn Heights. * A third highway, the Berea Freeway (State Route 237 in part), connects I-71 to the airport, and forms part of the boundary between Cleveland and Brook Park.[143]

Mass transit

In 2007, the American Public Transportation Association named Cleveland's mass transit system the best in North America.[138] Cleveland currently has a bus and rail mass transit system operated by the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA). The rail portion is officially called the RTA Rapid Transit, but is referred to by local residents as The Rapid. It consists of two light rail lines, known as the Green and Blue Lines, and a heavy rail line, the Red Line. In 2008, RTA completed installing a bus rapid transit line, for which naming rights were purchased by the Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals, called the "Health" or Silver Line, which runs along Euclid Avenue from downtown through University Circle, ending at the Stokes-Windermere Transit Station.[139]

Media

Cleveland is served in print by The Plain Dealer, the city's sole remaining daily newspaper. The competing Cleveland Press ceased publication on June 17, 1982, and the Cleveland News ended its run in 1960. Cleveland is also home to Cleveland Scene, an alternative weekly paper, which absorbed its competitor, the Free Times in 2008. Cleveland, combined with nearby Akron and Canton, is ranked for 2008–2009 as the 17th largest television market by Nielsen Media Research.[107] The market is served by stations affiliated with major American networks including: WKYC (channel 3, channel 17 digital NBC), WEWS (channel 5, channel 15 digital ABC), WJW-TV (channel 8 digital Fox), WOIO (channel 19, channel 10 digital CBS), WUAB (channel 43, channel 28 digital MNTV), and WBNX-TV (channel 55, channel 30 digital The CW). Cleveland is also served by WVPX (channel 23 digital ION), Spanish-language channel WQHS-TV (channel 61, channel 34 digital Univision), WDLI-TV (channel 39 digital TBN) and WVIZ (channel 25, channel 26 digital) PBS. A national television first was The Morning Exchange on WEWS, which defined the morning show format and served as the inspiration for Good Morning America.[108] Cleveland is also served by 29 AM and FM radio stations directly, and numerous other stations are heard from elsewhere in Northeast Ohio, which serve outlying suburbs and adjoining counties.[109]

Neighborhoods

Downtown Cleveland is centered around Public Square and includes a wide range of diversified districts. Downtown Cleveland is home to the traditional Financial District and Civic Center, as well as the distinct Theatre District, which houses Playhouse Square Center, and mixed-use neighborhoods such as the Flats and the Warehouse District, which are occupied by industrial and office buildings and also by restaurants and bars. The number of downtown housing units in the form of condominiums, lofts, and apartments has increased over the past ten years. This trend looks to continue with the recent revival of the Flats, the Euclid Corridor Project, and the success of East 4th Street. Cleveland residents often define themselves in terms of whether they live on the east side or the west side of the Cuyahoga River.[73] The east side comprises the following neighborhoods: Buckeye-Shaker Square, Central, Collinwood, Corlett, Euclid-Green, Fairfax, Forest Hills, Glenville, Payne/Goodrich-Kirtland Park, Hough, Kinsman, Lee Harvard/Seville-Miles, Mount Pleasant, Nottingham, St. Clair-Superior, Union-Miles Park, University Circle, Little Italy, and Woodland Hills. The west side of the city includes the following neighborhoods: Brooklyn Centre, Clark-Fulton, Detroit-Shoreway, Cudell, Edgewater, Ohio City, Old Brooklyn, Stockyards, West Boulevard, and the four neighborhoods colloquially known as West Park: Kamm's Corners, Jefferson, Puritas-Longmead, and Riverside. Three neighborhoods in the Cuyahoga Valley are sometimes referred to as the south side: Industrial Valley/Duck Island, Slavic Village (North and South Broadway), and Tremont. Several inner-city neighborhoods have begun to gentrify in recent years. Areas on both the west side (Ohio City, Tremont, Detroit-Shoreway, and Edgewater) and the east side (Collinwood, Hough, Fairfax, and Little Italy) have been successful in attracting increasing numbers of creative class members, which in turn is spurring new residential development.[74] Furthermore, a live-work zoning overlay for the city's near east side has facilitated the transformation of old industrial buildings into loft spaces for artists.[75]

Popular music

Cleveland has also produced a diverse range of popular musical artists, such as: * heavy metal bands Chimaira and Mushroomhead * alternative rock groups Nine Inch Nails and Filter * hip-hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony * rock band Eric Carmen and The Raspberries[91] * R&B groups Dazz Band and The Rude Boys * Punk band The Dead Boys * protopunk bands Pere Ubu, Rocket From The Tombs and Electric Eels[92] * hip-hop artists Kid Cudi,Ray Cash and Chip tha Ripper * R&B artists Gerald Levert, Bobby Womack and Avant * singer/songwriter Tracy Chapman * Benjamin Orr, bassist/singer/songwriter for rock band The Cars * Hard Rock band James Gang * Gothic Music group Midnight Syndicate

Port

The Port of Cleveland, located at the Cuyahoga River's mouth, is a major bulk freight terminal on Lake Erie receiving much of the raw materials used by the region's manufacturing industries.[134]

Private schools

* Benedictine High School (all-boys') * Cleveland Central Catholic High School * Eleanor Gerson School * St. Ignatius High School (all-boys') * St. Joseph Academy (all-girls') * Villa Angela-St. Joseph High School

Public schools

The Cleveland Metropolitan School District is the largest K-12 district in the state, with 127 schools and an enrollment of 55,567 students during the 2006–2007 academic year.[128] It is the only district in Ohio that is under direct control of the mayor, who appoints a school board.[129] * Cleveland School of the Arts * Collinwood High School * East High School * East Technical High School * Glenville High School * James Ford Rhodes High School * John Adams High School * John F. Kennedy High School * South High School * Jane Adams * Lincoln-West High School * John Marshall High School

Railroads

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Cleveland, via the Capitol Limited and Lake Shore Limited routes, which stop at Cleveland Lakefront Station. Cleveland has also been identified as a hub for the proposed Ohio Hub project, which would bring high-speed rail to Ohio.[135] Cleveland hosts several inter-modal freight railroad terminals.[136][137]

Schools

Cleveland was hit hard in the 1960s and early 1970s by white flight and suburbanization. While the city's total population declined, Cleveland Public Schools' enrollment had increased: 99,686 in 1950, and 134,765 in 1960, and 148,793 in 1963.[50] Cleveland Public Schools financially struggled with a growing student population, and a declining tax base due to regional industrial decline and depopulation of the metropolitan and urban areas in favor of the suburbs.[50][51] After World War II, middle-class jobs and families migrated to the suburbs leaving behind predominantly low-income student enrollment in the Cleveland Public School system.[50] On December 12, 1973, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Cleveland Chapter filed suit, Reed vs. Rhodes,[52][53] against the Cleveland Board of Education in Cleveland's United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio to racially integrate Cleveland Public Schools,[54] claiming that the public schools were at least partly at fault for Cleveland's housing segregation into ethnic neighborhoods. Between August 31, 1976[53] and 1984, Chief United States District Judge Frank J. Battisti issued over 4,000 court orders including implementation of forced-busing of Cleveland Public Schools,[50] the case was appealed to the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals, which by 23 Aug. 1979 upheld Battisti's earlier orders,[52] and was later upheld on appeal by the Supreme Court of the United States. From 1970 to 1980, Cleveland experienced a 24% decline in population (from 751 thousand to 574 thousand),[51][55] which was part of a longer-term on-going trend from 1950 to 2000.[51] Demographia estimates that Cleveland's 1980 population would have been 5% higher (606 thousand) without mandatory busing.[55] Mandatory busing was one of several factors which sped up the migration from out of Cleveland by those who could afford to.[55] The administrative and operational expense of complying with mandatory busing and other federal court orders caused a dramatic increase in overhead expenditures per student, while declining tax revenues resulted in lower expenditures on actually educating public school students.[50] In 1996, Martin Hoke, Cleveland's 10th. District United States House Representative was quoted: "Children are now bused from a predominantly black school on the east side of town to a predominantly black school on the west side of town. More than half a billion dollars[56]A[›] has been spent on desegregation activities since 1978-money that could have been used to buy textbooks, upgrade science laboratories or purchase new computers. When kids attend schools miles away from their homes, what working parent is able to attend sporting events, parent-teacher conferences, and home-room parties? Busing has contributed significantly to the decline of our urban centers."[57] The combination of many factors resulted in declining enrollments.[50] Before mandatory busing, in 1976, minority enrollment in Cleveland Public Schools was 58%, by 1994 it was 71%. By 1996, Cleveland Public Schools total enrollment was half of what it was pre-mandatory busing.[56] In 1991, Ohio had a new proficiency test for 9th. grade students which the majority of Cleveland Public Schools students did not pass.[50] By 1994, almost 50% of the system's students were failing to graduate from high school,[50] and many graduates who did not qualify for entry-level jobs,[50] with many employers increasingly requiring secondary or post-secondary degrees [50] due to more information technology-related jobs and other changes in the overall economy. In March 1994, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Cleveland Chapter, Reed vs. Rhodes plaintiff, challenged the fairness of the Ohio 9th. grade proficiency test as an Ohio secondary school graduation requirement for African-American students;[58] the subsequent federal court settlement agreement(s) left the 9th grade secondary school graduation requirement intact and unchanged in 1994 and subsequently.[58] Prior to mandatory busing, Cleveland Public Schools graduation rate was 75 percent, by 1996 it had dropped to 26.6 percent.[56] Although mandatory busing ended in the 1990s, Cleveland continued to slide into poverty, reaching a nadir in 2004 when it was named the poorest major city in the United States.[59] Cleveland was again rated the poorest major city in the U.S. in 2006, with a poverty rate of 32.4%.[60]

See also

* Greater Cleveland - The metropolitan area as a whole. * Cleveland East Ohio Gas Explosion * Cleveland Torso Murderer (Kingsbury Run murders) * Cleveland travel guide from Wikitravel

Sister cities

Cleveland has twenty sister cities:[153] * Alexandria (Egypt) * Bahir Dar (Ethiopia) * Bangalore (India) * Braşov (Romania) * Bratislava (Slovakia)[154] * Beit She'an, Israel (Since 1995) [155] * Cleveland, England (United Kingdom) * Conakry (Guinea) * Fier (Albania) * Gdańsk, Poland (since 1990)[156] * Heidenheim an der Brenz (Germany) * Ibadan (Nigeria) * Klaipėda (Lithuania) * Lima (Peru) * Ljubljana (Slovenia) * Miskolc (Hungary) * Nettuno (Italy) * Rouen (France) * Segundo Montes (El Salvador) * Taipei (Taiwan) * Volgograd (Russia) * West Mayo (Ireland)

Sports

Cleveland's professional sports teams include the Cleveland Indians (Major League Baseball), Cleveland Browns (National Football League), Cleveland Cavaliers (National Basketball Association), Cleveland City Stars (United Soccer Leagues), Lake Erie Monsters (American Hockey League), and the Cleveland Gladiators (Arena Football League). The Mid-American Conference (MAC), an NCAA Division I athletic conference, moved its headquarters to Cleveland in 2000. In conjunction with the move, the MAC Men's Basketball Tournament was also moved to Quicken Loans Arena established itself on the Cleveland sports scene. The MAC Tournament is the biggest college sporting event that the city hosts on an annual basis. The Tournament consistently ranks among the top 10 conference basketball tournaments in average attendance, thanks in large part to the support of more than 300,000 MAC alumni that live in Northeast Ohio. Other sporting events held in Cleveland include the Champ Car Grand Prix of Cleveland, the Cleveland Marathon, and the Ohio Classic college football game.[100] The city hosted the Gravity Games, an extreme sports series, from 2002 to 2004, and the Dew Action Sports Tour Right Guard Open in 2007. Local sporting facilities include Progressive Field, Cleveland Browns Stadium, Quicken Loans Arena, Middlefield Cheese Stadium and the Wolstein Center. The Cleveland Browns dominated the NFL from 1950 to 1955. The city's franchise is one of the most storied in football, though it last won an NFL championship in 1964 and has never appeared in the Super Bowl. The Cleveland Indians last reached the World Series in 1997, losing to the Florida Marlins, and have not won the series since 1948. Between 1995 and 2001, Progressive Field sold out 455 consecutive games and held a Major League Baseball record until it was broken in 2008.[101] The Cleveland Cavaliers are experiencing a renaissance with Cleveland fans due to LeBron James, a native of nearby Akron and the number one overall draft pick of 2003. The Cavaliers won the Eastern Conference in 2007, but were defeated in the NBA Finals by the San Antonio Spurs. The city's recent lack of success in sports has earned it a reputation of being a cursed sports city, which ESPN validated by proclaiming Cleveland as its "most tortured sports city" in 2004.[102] The tradition of professional hockey in Cleveland started with the original Cleveland Barons in 1937.[103] Cleveland fielded an NHL team, also called the Cleveland Barons, from 1976 to 1978, which was later merged into the Minnesota North Stars (now the Dallas Stars). Cleveland's current hockey team is the minor-league Lake Erie Monsters, which began play in 2007.[104] The city has had other major and minor-league hockey teams in the past including the Cleveland Lumberjacks of the International Hockey League and the Cleveland Crusaders of the WHA. Cleveland was also home to the Cleveland Rockers, one of the original eight teams[105] in the WNBA in 1997. However, in 2003, the team folded after owner Gordon Gund dropped the team from operation. In 2005, Major League Soccer commissioner Don Garber announced that Cleveland was one of several top areas in contention for an expansion team in 2007.[106] Delays in securing a soccer-only stadium have now prevented any such team from beginning play until the 2009 season, but the Cleveland area is still a contender for expansion. The city's current soccer team, the Cleveland City Stars, play in the USL First Division They play there home games at Middlefield Cheese Stadiumin Bedford. Cleveland also fielded two indoor soccer teams, the original Cleveland Force of the NPSL . This team folded in 1988. They were replaced by the Cleveland Crunch of the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL), but the team ceased operations in 2005 after having won three league championships in the 90s.

Suburbs

Cleveland's older inner-ring or "first" suburbs include Bedford, Bedford Heights, Brook Park, Brooklyn, Cleveland Heights, Cuyahoga Heights, East Cleveland, Euclid, Fairview Park, Garfield Heights, Lakewood, Maple Heights, Parma, Shaker Heights, South Euclid, University Heights, and Warrensville Heights. All are members of the Northeast Ohio First Suburbs Consortium.[76]

Topography

According to the United States Census Bureau,[1] the city has a total area of 82.4 square miles (213.5 km²), of which, 77.6 square miles (201.0 km²) is land and 4.8 square miles (12.5 km²) is water. The total area is 5.87% water. The shore of Lake Erie is 569 feet (173 m) above sea level; however, the city lies on a series of irregular bluffs lying roughly parallel to the lake. In Cleveland these bluffs are cut principally by the Cuyahoga River, Big Creek, and Euclid Creek. The land rises quickly from the lakeshore. Public Square, less than a mile (2 km) inland, sits at an elevation of 650 feet (198 m), and Hopkins Airport, only five miles (8 km) inland from the lake, is at an elevation of 791 feet (241 m).[36]

Tourism

Five miles (8 km) east of downtown Cleveland is University Circle, a 550-acre (2.2 km2) concentration of cultural, educational, and medical institutions, including the Cleveland Botanical Garden, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, Severance Hall, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and the Western Reserve Historical Society. Cleveland is also home to the I. M. Pei-designed Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located on the Lake Erie waterfront at North Coast Harbor downtown. Neighboring attractions include Cleveland Browns Stadium, the Great Lakes Science Center, the Steamship Mather Museum, and the USS Cod, a World War II submarine.[94] Cleveland is home to many festivals throughout the year. Cultural festivals such as the annual Feast of the Assumption in the Little Italy neighborhood, the Hellenic Heritage Festival at the Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church in the Tremont neighborhood, and the Harvest Festival in the Slavic Village neighborhood are popular events. Vendors at the West Side Market in Ohio City offer many different ethnic foods for sale. Cleveland hosts an annual parade on Saint Patrick's Day that brings hundreds of thousands to the streets of downtown.[95] Fashion Week Cleveland, the city's annual fashion event, is one of the few internationally recognized fashion industry happenings in North America.[96] The show is considered by many to be the best in the Midwest—perhaps second only to New York for fashion weeks in the US. In addition to the cultural festivals, Cleveland hosted the CMJ Rock Hall Music Fest, which featured national and local acts, including both established artists and up-and-coming acts, but the festival was discontinued in 2007 due to financial and manpower costs to the Rock Hall.[97] The annual Ingenuity Festival and Notacon conference focus on the combination of art and technology. The Cleveland International Film Festival has been held annually since 1977, and it drew a record 66,476 people in March 2009.[98] Cleveland also hosts an annual holiday display lighting and celebration, dubbed Winterfest, which is held downtown at the city's historic hub, Public Square.[99]

SeekingArrangement.com is the premier Sugar Daddy dating website in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States. On our website a Sugar Daddy is defined as a successful man (regardless of his age) who is generous and a gentleman who knows how to treat his sugar baby. It is however important to note what a Sugar Daddy is not. A sugar daddy is not someone who offers gifts or money in exchange for sexual favors. That would be a John. And while sugar daddies are idolized in our society (think Hugh Hefner), John’s on the other hand are stigmatized (think ex-NY Governor Elliot Spitzer). Also, a sugar daddy does not refer to the candy we all know about. A sugar daddy is also not a singles by The Jackson 5, or a single by Nina Sky, or a song by the Badloves, nor it is a song from the off-Broadway show and film, Hedwig and the Angry Inch. Other terms for a sugar daddy include: benefactor, mentor, sponsor, champion, or supporter. On SeekingArrangement.com, there over 15+ sugar babies for every sugar daddy member. Unlike most online dating websites where members play games and beat around the bush only to be disappointed by the courtship dance. Seeking Arrangement has been named “Best Fishing Hole” in a recent article on the New York Times. The reason is because sugar daddies, sugar mommies and sugar babies understand they can be honest and up front about why they are here and what they are looking for. By being completely upfront, sugar daddies, sugar mommies and sugar babies are able to cut out the game to forge no-drama type relationships that are mutually beneficial to everyone. Sugar Daddie dating is also called benefactor dating, sponsor dating, or mentor dating. Unlike other sugar daddy dating websites such as SugarDaddie.com, SugarDaddy4Me.com, SugarDaddy.com, or the hundreds of other smaller sugar daddy copy-cats that pop up every other week, SeekingArrangement.com is different in that we do not use the term “Sugar Daddy” in our URL domain name. We are also the dating website to feature the most real people from Cleveland, Mississippi, United States. Our website employs state of the art anti-fraud system to weed out fake profiles, spammers and scammers. We are also the only sugar daddy dating website that is actively redefining the meaning of sugar dating and the sugar lifestyle – that a Sugar Daddy isn’t an old rich man preying on younger women, rather he is a gentleman (irrespective of age) who wants to pamper someone beautiful. We are also the only website to make people understand that one doesn’t have to be a millionaire to be a sugar daddy or sugar mommy, and as long as you are successful, generous and have a disposable income, you too can be a sugar daddy or sugar mommy. SeekingArrangement.com features the only sugar daddy blog where issues related to sugar daddy dating are being discussed everyday by real sugar daddies, sugar babies and sugar mommies. Sugar babies, sugar babe, sugar baby or sugar babes are all ways to refer to men or girls who are looking to be pampered by a sugar daddy or sugar momma. Sugar babies share a number of characteristics, they are all gorgeous, beautiful, attractive, sexy, hot, cute, pretty, sensual and personable. Sugar babes include aspiring actresses, aspiring models, girl next door, new graduates, college freshmen, sophomores, juniors, seniors, dancers, adult entertainers, adult film stars, playboy playmates, penthouse playmates, or single mothers. Sugar babes are also confident, smart, intelligent, capable, and they know what they want and how to work hard to get it. For their part, sugar babies add significant value to the lives of their sugar daddies or sugar mommas, and as such are pampered in return. ;

SeekingArrangement.com also caters to those looking for Millionaire dating. However, it’s important to note that one does not need to be a millionaire to be a sugar daddy. One does have to be wealthy man, rich man, successful man, generous man, upscale man, or established man. Of course, being a millionaire or a billionaire doesn’t hurt either, since money can help with the process of romance. Our website boasts hundreds of wealthy men, successful men, generous men, upscale men, established men, and men of substance who are seriously seeking a mutually beneficial arrangement in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States. If you are looking to meet a millionaire, or singles who are likely to become a millionaire or billionaire, you may want to try using SeekingMillionaire.com, where wealthy or beautiful singles meet each other. However, if you are only interested in a mutually beneficial relationship with a millionaire, you may want to try SeekingArrangement.com instead of a millionaire dating, millionaire personal, millionaire romance, millionaire love, millionaire matchmaker, millionaire match, millionaire introduction, or millionaire meet services. Millionaire matchmakers, such as MillionaireClub123.com or executive matchmaker, charge upwards of $20,000 and are overpriced. For $49.95, you can meet quality singles and millionaires without the use of such upscale matchmaking services with the same, if not better results. Be careful of millionaire dating websites that claim to be sugar daddy dating websites, such as Establishedmen.com, MillionaireMatch.com, WealthyMen.com, or MillionaireMate.com – these millionaire dating websites are unsure what niche they represent. A millionaire dating website is not a sugar daddy dating website. They are very different. Millionaire dating websites are only for singles and are for those seeking serious relationships. Sugar daddy dating websites on the other hand cater to both singles and married individuals seeking mutually beneficial / no strings attached arrangements. So what does it take to be classified a millionaire, or someone who is an established single, successful single, upscale single, executive single, wealthy single, or rich single? Obviously, wealth can be subjective just as beauty can be. However, if you are someone who has over $500k in net worth or if you make over $100k a year in annual income, it is fair to suggest that you are wealthy or have the pretty good chance of becoming a millionaire. Another qualification is if you are successful in your career and hold an executive position making over one hundred thousand dollars a year, including Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Information Officer (CIO), Chief Investment Officer (CIO), Chief Marketing Officer (CMO), President, Vice President, or General Manager. If you belong to such a group, the internet and more specifically SeekingArrangement.com and SeekingMillionaire.com, offer you an unprecedented opportunity to meet and date gorgeous, beautiful, sexy, cute, attractive, sensual, hot or pretty singles, including but not limited to actors, actresses, models, aspiring models, aspiring actresses, girls next door, playboy playmates, penthouse playmates, dancers, adult entertainers, adult actresses, adult movie stars, artists, college freshmen, college sophomores, college juniors, college seniors or recent high school graduates. ;

NSA is short for No Strings Attached, and usually referring to no strings attached relationships or no strings attached dating (NSA dating). Typically when someone says he or she is looking for a NSA relationship or NSA arrangement, that usually means they are not ready for commitment, to be tied down, and hence the relationship would likely not end up being serious or a marriage. What no strings attached does not refer to are: No Strings Attached ('N Sync album), an album by boy band 'N Sync; No Strings Attached (Meat Puppets album), a 1990 compilation CD by the Meat Puppets; No Strings Attached (Jassi Sidhu album); No Strings Attached, a comedy tour by comedian Carlos Mencia. NSA dating or no strings attached dating is one of the main focus of SeekingArrangement.com, and our website hosts more members seeking NSA relationships in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States than any other online dating websites. Other commonly used terms in Sugar dating are - GFE which is short for Girl Friend Experience, and BFE which is short of Boy Friend Experience. While mostly an abbreviation used by Escorts and Johns, the term is also often used by those searching for intimate sugar daddy and sugar baby relationships. Usually those looking for GFE dating are seeking NSA dating, and likewise those looking for BFE dating are seeking NSA relationships. GFE personals, BFE personals or NSA personals is one of the main focus of SeekingArrangement.com It appears that GFE can be an acronym or abbreviation for many different things. GFE can mean Good Faith Estimate, Government-Furnished Equipment, Grantmakers for Education, Graphical Forecast Editor, Google Front End (Google web server), Generic Front End, Gas Free Engineer, Group Format Error, Gesellschaft für Forschung und Entwicklung (German), Good for Everything, Groningen Fitness Test for the Elderly, General Fund Exempt, Go Fat Early, Grooming Fabric Edge. However, on SeekingArrangement, GFE means Girl Friend Experience. The "girlfriend experience" generally involves more personal interaction than a traditional call girl or escort offers. Advertising a "girlfriend experience" is sometimes used by call girls to promote business. Please note that SeekingArrangement.com does not permit prostitutes or escorts from using our website, hence our definition of GFE and BFE is different. Here GFE and BFE means NSA – or no strings attached relationships. Something similar to this is shown in the Charles Bronson film, The Mechanic and the Burt Reynolds film, Sharky's Machine. A corresponding term (used to describe a client who acts as a lover instead of merely a participant in a commercial transaction) is "BFE" or "boyfriend experience." "PSE" or Porn Star Experience is where the service provider will sometimes allow photos or video to be taken or to act like a porn star for a client and the sex acts are un-covered (no condom). ;

SeekingArrangement.com is the largest sugar daddy and sugar baby discreet dating website and discreet personals in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States. Discreet dating, discreet encounters, discreet affairs, discreet arrangement, discreet love, discreet relationship, discreet romance, or discreet girlfriend, are all secretive dating where participants are careful to avoid embarrassment since they are dealing with private matters requiring secrecy. The market for discreet dating is large, in fact there are services such as Alibi Network that is a full service discreet agency providing alibis and excuses for absences. In fact they advertise “Whether you are involved in discreet affairs or you are married and looking to spice up your relationship by spending time with your partner away from the everyday life, we have a solution for you.” Discreet dating may also be referred to as confidential dating, confidential relationship, confidential affairs, confidential romance, confidential mistress or confidential girlfriend. To be involved in discreet dating, one has to be extremely secret about it. Meeting in another small town; getting separate rooms in a large hotel; not letting on you know the person if you are at same event they are. In other words, short of having the odd "squeak between the sheets" you don't know each other out in public or at the workplace. Discreet dating sometimes occurs at the workplace when two people who are not supposed to get involved romantically did so. For example, in the case of an affair between a professor and his student, or a love affair between a boss and his secretary, participants need to keep their dating discreet so no one finds out. Check out the Seeking Arrangement Blog for more discussion on issues related to discreet dating in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States. Advice you will find include the pros and cons of discreet arrangements, how to keep discreet relationships working, how to end discreet affairs, and how to make discreet dating work when one or both are married. One of the biggest problems with most discreet dating websites is that they do not screen for scammers or spammers, and as a result, users are often bombarded with spam from girls seeking customers for their discreet chat, or discreet webcam services. While adult chat or adult webcam services may be fun, it is not the type of discreet dating or discreet relationships most people are looking for. As such, we suggest trying SeekingArrangement.com, where all members are carefully screened, and hence you will always be meeting someone who is likeminded in their search for a discreet relationship, discreet affair, discreet encounter, or discreet adventure. ;

Married dating in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States. About 40-50% of the sugar daddies on SeekingArrangement.com are married but looking, or are married seeking an extra-marital affair or a mistress lover. Unlike other married dating websites such as AshleyMadison.com or Philanders.com or MarriedButLooking.com, SeekingArrangement.com does not exclusively cater to married dating or cheating arrangements. But, since an arranged relationship does sometime involve married people, it’s not surprising many who are married but looking use our website in search of their perfect discreet affair. Our founder is often asked by the Media if he supports extramarital affairs – his answer is that while he does not make any moral judgments, he notes that married dating isn’t for everyone. However, that said, SeekingArrangement.com does have 50-60% of single, divorced or widowed sugar daddies participating. It is also important to note that approximately 10-15% of members on a regular dating site, such as PlentyofFish.com or Match.com are in fact married and looking, except they lie about their real married status. An affair is sometimes referred as a form of nonmonogamy, infidelity or adultery. Where an affair lacks both overt and covert sexual behavior and yet exhibits intense or enduring emotional intimacy it may be referred to as an emotional affair, platonic love, or a romantic friendship. Other terms that describes an affair, include discreet affair, private affair, office affair or a secret affair. An affair also may be referred to as sex with the opposite sex dramatically. Affair may also describe part of an agreement of an open marriage, such as swinging, which sanctions some forms of extramarital sex and and not others. When one of the non-sanctioned affairs occurs it is described as infidelity and often experienced as a betrayal both of trust and integrity. Also: emotional affair, infidelity, adultery, cheating, mistress (lover), friendship, platonic love, or romantic friendship. We have interviewed many married sugar daddies and married sugar babies, as to why they seek a married affair. The average married sugar daddy tells us he is bored, or that sexual passion no longer exist in his marriage, that having an extramarital affair or engaging in married dating is the only way he is going to be able to stay with his wife. Yet, other married sugar daddy claims having a discreet affair helps add spice to his married life, so all in all, married dating helps him stay in his marriage. The married sugar baby usually has a different reason for engaging in such tryst. She still loves her husband, but is looking for fun on the side, or her extramarital arrangement allows her to help her family out financially. In a recent survey conducted by Harvard, over 60% of its alumni claimed to have had an extramarital affair at least once or have considered cheating while married. It seems married dating and discreet affairs are much more popular than we all think. If you are going to consider married dating in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States, we suggest using SeekingArrangement.com for a number of reasons. On SA, members are able to have extramarital affairs without any strings attached. The last thing a person wants in a married dating scenario is to have one or more parties fall in love. An arrangement by its nature allows both parties to specify exactly what they look for in an extramarital affair, while avoiding the things they do not want – clinginess, attachment, or dependencies. Married dating is usually conducted as discreet affairs or secret affairs. Being discreet or secretive is what makes cheating all the more exciting, and one of the main reasons why many people engage in extramarital affairs or extramarital tryst. In addition, SeekingArrangement provides many privacy and discreet features to allow cheaters the ability to keep their affairs secret. ;

Looking for a casual encounter in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States? SeekingArrangement.com provides the largest selection of wealthy and gorgeous people in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States looking for casual relationships, casual dating, casual arrangements, casual encounters, discreet encounters, casual sex, casual friendship, or casual affairs. Unlike other casual encounters website such as Craigslist.com, Craigslist.org, OnlineBootyCall.com, or CasualEncounters.com, SeekingArrangement.com is the only casual dating website to exclusively cater to wealthy and gorgeous people looking for a flirtatious fling. Casual encounters or casual sex, refers to certain types of sexual activity outside the context of a romantic relationship. The term is not always used consistently: some use it to refer to any extramarital sex, some use it to refer to sex in a casual relationship, whereas others reserve its use for one-time encounters (such as one night stands), promiscuity, or to refer to sex in the absence of emotional attachment or love (e.g., NSA or no strings attached relationship). Another term for casual encounters is a hookup which refers to casual sex activity. An extended hookup sometimes refers to prolonged instances of casual sex interactions. This is a situation in which the involved parties occasionally meet for casual sex multiple times, always without a long-term commitment. This is a casual relationship specifically for sex and without any emotional aspect. Other colloquial terms used to describe two people engaged in a relationship in which there is no emotional but purely sexual involvement are fuck buddies, one night stands, one night love, friends with benefits, and booty call. The reason so many people in Cleveland, Mississippi, United States seek casual encounters vary from individual to individual. But SeekingArrangement.com is the best dating website for those wanting casual affairs and discreet encounters. Those seeking casual dating typically need extra excitement in their life. Originally, a one-night stand referred to a single night theatre performance, usually by a guest group on tour. Today, however, the term is more commonly understood as a single sexual encounter or casual encounter between individuals, where neither individual has any immediate intention or expectation of establishing a long-term sexual or romantic relationship. One night stands are commonly frowned upon in society because they have potential to ruin a person's reputation, it having the same negativity as adultery or fornication. Individuals participating in a one-night stand typically have not known each other long and have had minimal time to get to know each other before engaging in sexual activity. A one-night sexual encounter is not necessarily always a one-night stand; the crucial distinction is the expectation or intention that the relationship will not necessarily be extended beyond the initial sexual encounter. A one-night stand is differentiated from prostitution, as it takes place without direct payment of money and from a casual relationship, which may not initially involve sex and may continue long-term. A one-night stand can be thought of as an irregular and unplanned sexual encounter between individuals. The participants will usually have little or no contact with one another aside from sex. Thus it is possible to have multiple one-night stands with the same person, provided that there is no regularity to the encounters or planning involved in the casual encounters. However, where the people involved have a regular sexual relationship without romantic involvement, this is generally considered a casual encounter or casual relationship (also referred to using terms such as "no strings attached" or "friends with benefits" or a "fuck buddy"), and is generally considered distinct from the one-night stand phenomenon. ;

On SeekingArrangement.com, you will see the field “Desired Allowance” or “My Budget”. What is an allowance? Well, let’s start first by defining what an allowance is not. An allowance is not money in exchange for sex. That would be prostitution and is strictly forbidden on our website. An allowance is a term coined up by us to mirror the allowance a parent gives to their child or children. Since we use the terminology of a sugar daddy and a sugar baby, the term allowance ended up being the perfect phrase suggesting the caring relationship between a “daddy” and a “baby”. The sugar daddy budget and the sugar baby allowance has always been a matter for heated discussion and debate. But the budget or the allowance isn’t a cash payment. Rather it’s the disposable income the sugar daddy has, and that he is willing to spend each month on his sugar lifestyle, i.e., going out on dates, transportation, or helping his sugar baby with her credit card bills, college tuition, utility bills, car loans, rent, etc. While there have been many successful arrangements forged on SeekingArrangement.com, we have also been told many horror stories of fake sugar daddies who promises his sugar babies the world, only to never be heard of again once he gets what he wants. So for the sugar babies who are expecting a rent free arrangement, or having her bills paid on time monthly, its important to work on your relationship with a sugar daddy first. A real sugar daddy who is a gentleman will not ask for sex on the first date, and if he does, he’s probably a John, not a sugar daddy. However, that said, it’s also important to note that many sugar babies aren’t really genuine sugar babies looking to find sugar relationships. The real sugar daddy is a gentleman who understands that intimacy comes after building trust, respect and mutual chemistry. The real sugar daddy has a real budget, i.e., real disposable income he can spend each month to pamper his sugar baby. For those sugar babies out there, do be honest about what you are looking for. If you want some tuition assistance or someone to provide a scholarship for your college, say so, so the right college sponsor with the right budget can offer you an allowance for your college or provide you with a scholarship to complete your degree. If you want to have your rent paid, or to live rent free, then say you want a sponsor for your rent, or a benefactor who will pay your rent, then say so. The more straightforward about what you want, then the more likely you are to meet the sugar daddy who will give you what you desire. But the most important rule is to build friendship and trust first, and do not sleep with the potential sugar daddy on the first date or even on the second date. In fact, don’t even start a sexual relationship with a potential sugar daddy until he actually becomes a sugar daddy, meaning either pay two semesters of your tuition, signs an agreement to provide scholarship, or sign his name for a 6 months lease on your apartment. Similarly, we ask sugar daddies never to send money to any potential sugar baby who asks for money up front. ;